BASIC TIPES OF LISTENING
As with all effective test, designing appropriate assessment task in listening begins with specification of objectives or criteria. Those objectives may be classified in terms of several types of listening performance.
• The following process flash through your brain.
1. Recognize speech sounds and hold a temporary of them in short-term memory
2. Simultaneously determine the type of speech event.
3. Use knowledge to make interpretation
4. In most cases (except for repetition tasks, which involved short term memory only)
• Each of these stage represent a potential assessment objective:
Comprehending of surface structure elements such as a phoneme, words, intonation, or grammatical category.
Understanding of pragmatic context.
Determining of auditory input
Developing the gist, a global or comprehensive understanding.
From this stages we can derive four commonly identify types of listening :
1. Intensive
Example phonemes, words, intonation, discourse makers.
2. Responsive
Example greeting question, command.
3. Selective
Example names, numbers, a grammatical category.
4. Extensive
Listening to develop a top-down, global understanding of spoken language. Listening For the gist, main idea, making inference.
• Micro skills > attending to the smaller bits and chunks of language in more of a bottom-up process.
• Macro skills > focusing on the larges element involved in atop down approach to a listening task.
Listening for perception of the components of larger stretch of language, Listening to a relatively short stretch of language, Processing stretches of discourse such as a short monologue for several minutes in order to “scan” for certain information,
As with all effective test, designing appropriate assessment task in listening begins with specification of objectives or criteria. Those objectives may be classified in terms of several types of listening performance.
• The following process flash through your brain.
1. Recognize speech sounds and hold a temporary of them in short-term memory
2. Simultaneously determine the type of speech event.
3. Use knowledge to make interpretation
4. In most cases (except for repetition tasks, which involved short term memory only)
• Each of these stage represent a potential assessment objective:
Comprehending of surface structure elements such as a phoneme, words, intonation, or grammatical category.
Understanding of pragmatic context.
Determining of auditory input
Developing the gist, a global or comprehensive understanding.
From this stages we can derive four commonly identify types of listening :
1. Intensive
Example phonemes, words, intonation, discourse makers.
2. Responsive
Example greeting question, command.
3. Selective
Example names, numbers, a grammatical category.
4. Extensive
Listening to develop a top-down, global understanding of spoken language. Listening For the gist, main idea, making inference.
• Micro skills > attending to the smaller bits and chunks of language in more of a bottom-up process.
• Macro skills > focusing on the larges element involved in atop down approach to a listening task.
Listening for perception of the components of larger stretch of language, Listening to a relatively short stretch of language, Processing stretches of discourse such as a short monologue for several minutes in order to “scan” for certain information,
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